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M.D. Associate Professor, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Eye Clinic, Izmir/TURKEY In this article, we aimed to report a case who developed binocular diplopia and vertical deviation following cataract surgery performed under retrobulbar anesthesia. A 82-year-old male patient who underwent planned extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation under retrobulbar anesthesia was presented with complaints of binocular diplopia and right hypertropia in the early postoperative period. In Snellen chart, best correcred visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye and 0.2 in the left eye depending on senile nuclear sclerosis. Right hypertropia of 35 prism diopters and limitation of down gaze were identified. Anterior and posterior segment of the both eyes were normal and systemic examination findings revealed no abnormality. Forced duction test was negative, considering the paresis, right inferior rectus resection of 4 mm and right superior rectus recession of 6 mm was performed in the left eye. After surgery, best corrected visual acuity of both eyes were 1.0 in Snellen chart and 5 prism diopters right hypertropia was observed in the primary position. Keywords : Cataract, retrobulbar anesthesia, strabismus